A piece of advice that was true 5 years ago may no longer hold true. Culture as all encompassing gives us rules for how to structure our life. Respecting and protecting traditional knowledge, in particular that of indigenous peoples; recognizing the contribution of traditional knowledge, particularly with regard to environmental protection and the managementof natural resources, and fostering synergies between modern science and local knowledge. In other words, collectivists draw sharper distinctions between the groups they belong to and those they do not belong to. 17. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Essentially, cultural diversity is about bringing people together from a diverse set of backgrounds and cultures, then creating an environment that not only recognizes the differences between those cultures and backgrounds, but celebrates them. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Some companies also adjust their hiring process to make sure it's inclusive. Creation draws on the roots of cultural tradition, but flourishes in contact with other cultures. This blend defines multiculturalism. Javidan, M., & Dastmalchian, A. It can also be widely shared beliefs about things like marriage, family, or gender roles. Describe some ways in which national culture affects organizational behavior. Heres a breakdown of these forms of diversity: This type of diversity is related to each persons ethnicity and its usually the set of norms we get from the society we were raised in or our familys values. Retrieved November 12, 2008, from http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_dimensions.php. In contrast, feminine cultures are cultures that value maintaining good relationships, caring for the weak, and emphasizing quality of life. What happens when a speaker demonstrates respect for cultural diversity? Culture refers to values, beliefs, and customs that exist in a society. Ethnocentrism is the belief that ones own culture is superior to other cultures one comes across. Those who, for religious reasons, abstain from tea, coffee, alcohol, and tobacco have smaller risks of getting cancer of the gastrointestinal or respiratory tract than others of similar social, economic, and residential background. Homogeneity deprives teams from healthy conflict that brings innovation and progress. For anthropologists, culture goes beyond simply signs, symbols, or dress. 1. Women often lack the social power to negotiate condom use, and their need for economic and social survival outweighs the risk that they know they are taking by having unprotected intercourse. However, the date of retrieval is often important. 13. The health of girls and women is particularly sensitive to cultural influences. Successful global companies modify their management styles, marketing, and communication campaigns to fit with the culture in which they are operating. Appreciation of the fact that health is ultimately dependent on the integrity of the earth's life-supporting ecosystems is part of a value system. For example, you mustnt decide to reject an applicant for a job simply because theyre Asian, female or a person with disabilities. Both international and national efforts are underway to stop or change this practice, with some of the most promising initiatives coming from within the cultures themselves. Do countries have uniform national cultures? See our complete library of HR Terms. The "melting-pot" concept of nationality reduces this diversity with successive generations, but considerable variation remainsdistinguishing rural from urban, African American from European, East Asian from South Asian, religious believers from secularists. The goal of ______ is to generate as many ideas as possible without fear of critique. If we are immersed in a culture that is unlike our own we may experience culture shock and become disoriented when we come into contact with a fundamentally different culture. Business Horizons, 43, 6170. In fact, this may be one way to detect peoples individualism-collectivism level. It requires social workers to personally examine and study their very own cultural backgrounds, individualities, and identities. The business case for diversity has been thoroughly laid out for years. Safeguarding the linguistic heritage of humanity and giving support to expression, creation and dissemination in the greatest possible number of languages. In collectivistic cultures, people define themselves as part of a group. a) The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different cultural groups b) A belief that racial differences produce inherent superiority of a particular race c) A generalization of characteristics that is applied to all members of a cultural group d) Biological concept that defines groups of human beings based on a set of 4. Simply put, some cultures are more egalitarian than others. Health, Culture and Community. You can also promote diversity in your job ads and provide targeted internships. Fostering the mobility of creators, artists, researchers, scientists and intellectuals and the development of international research programmes and partnerships, while striving to preserve and enhance the creative capacity of developing countries and countries in transition. For example, the limp handshake someone from India may give or a job candidate from Chad who is looking at the floor throughout the interview are in fact showing their respect, but these behaviors may be interpreted as indicating a lack of confidence or even disrespect in low power distance cultures. differences so that we can work together to eradicate all forms of discrimination. (b) serve as a reference point and a forum where States, international governmental and nongovernmental organizations, civil society and the private sector may join together in elaborating concepts, objectives and policies in favour of cultural diversity; Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Masculine cultures are also characterized by a separation of gender roles. | It is a function of both the number of different species in the community (species richness) and their relative abundances (species evenness). Deepening the international debate on questions relating to cultural diversity, particularly in respect of its links with development and its impact on policy-making, at both national and international level; taking forward notably consideration of the advisability of an international legal instrument on cultural diversity. Encyclopedia of Public Health. This type of diversity refers to the presence of multiple religions and spiritual beliefs (including lack thereof) in the workplace. It's kind of like a core of deeply held beliefs that we share and that powerfully shape our lives. Question 6 (4 points) Social context is impacted by all of the following factors EXCEPT: Individual thoughts Ethnic diversity Historical influences Language diversity Globalization This problem has been solved! While respect is the most common diversity issue in the workplace, there are many other problems you should be aware of. A speaker which is not self-centered, but motivated by an understanding of receivers is, To penetrate the invisible shield they use to protect themselves from information irrelevance, relate your ideas to all of the following EXCEPT, Choosing the right topic means choosing a topic that is appropriate for all of the following EXCEPT. Culture and CEO compensation. Further recallingArticle I of the Constitution, which assigns to UNESCO among other purposes that of recommending "such international agreements as may be necessary to promote the free flow of ideas by word and image". Referringto the provisions relating to cultural diversity and the exercise of cultural rights in the international instruments enacted by UNESCO. Winning public speakers practice certain skills to reach what kinds of groups of receivers? Build background about cultural diversity in the United States. Managers in these cultures may be more used to an authoritarian style with lower levels of participative leadership demonstrated. In fact, when it comes to culture, we are like fish in the sea: We may not realize how culture is shaping our behavior until we leave our own and go someplace else. Define the four dimensions of culture that are part of Hofstedes framework. Language barriers or communication issues can stem from cultural differences and can really harm your business. Personality may influence subjective well-being, which in turn affects job satisfaction. Notingthat culture is at the heart of contemporary debates about identity, social cohesion, and the development of a knowledge-based economy. This shapes life at home and in the workplace as well as ideas about women in society in general. Harvard Business Review, 82(10), 139146. Powerful people are supposed to act powerful, while those in inferior positions are expected to show respect. (c) pursue its activities in standard-setting, awareness raising and capacity-building in the areas related to the present Declaration within its fields of competence; Men in Western society in the late twentieth century also began seeking an "improved" body image by taking muscle-enhancing steroids or having muscle grafts to enlarge pectoral and calf muscles. Enculturation is the process through which we learn our culture. UNESCO applies a zero tolerance policy against all forms of harassment, Advancing the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, International Coalition of Inclusive and Sustainable Cities ICCAR, Education for Sustainable Development Network, UNEVOC - International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training, IIEP - International Institute for Educational Planning, ICTP - International Centre for Theoretical Physics, IICBA - International Institute for Capacity-Building in Africa, IITE - Institute for Information Technologies in Education, IESALC - International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean, MGIEP - Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development, UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger, Rules of Procedure of the General Conference, Rules of Procedure of the Executive Board, Section of Conventions and Recommendations (LA/CR), Section of International Administrative Law (LA/AL), Protection of human rights : Procedure 104. | 15 In addition, cultural diversity helps us recognize and respect ways of being that are not necessarily our own, so that as we interact with others we can build bridges to trust, respect, and understanding across cultures. So, for example, we recognize familiar symbols, like a popular fast food restaurant and the meanings behind it simply by looking at the symbol. What is your religion? (2007). Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 17, 225248. Companies operating in high uncertainty avoidance cultures also tend to avoid risky endeavors such as entering foreign target markets unless the target market is very large (Rothaermel, Kotha, & Steensma, 2006). McElroy, A., and Townsend, P. (1996). Such actions have, unfortunately, often been encouraged by the tobacco industry and advertisers of beer and other alcoholic drinks. Article 3 Cultural diversity as a factor in development. B. Ruth Fulton Benedict (18871948), originator of the configurational approach to culture, was a mature woman when she en, Cultural Relativism Policies for the inclusion and participation of all citizens are guarantees of social cohesion, the vitality of civil society and peace. Culturally determined characteristics include: the language spoken at home; religious observances; customs (including marriage customs that often accompany religious and other beliefs); acceptable gender roles and occupations; dietary practices; intellectual, artistic, and leisure-time pursuits; and other aspects of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 10061020. Yes! will it ignite their emotions so they believe what I say? 9. It implies a commitment to human rights and fundamental freedoms, in particular the rights of persons belonging to minorities and those of indigenous peoples. Question: Cross Cultural Management Explain "all" of the following topics: -What diversity encompasses in the United States -The historical background for the study of diversity - Key diversity terms, including types of discrimination - Minority groups and non-dominant groups - Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination theories. When doing cross-cultural business, locals are a key source of information. The chapter begins by examining the broad arenas of difference, diversity, and diversity management, as they have become established in organization and management studies. Culture is something that is learned, shared, and passed down through generations. Developing cultural policies, including operational support arrangements and/or appropriate regulatory frameworks, designed to promote the principles enshrined in this Declaration, in accordance with the international obligations incumbent upon each State. National Virtual Translation Center. How do cultures differ from each other? As a result of these trends, understanding the role of national culture for organizational behavior may provide you with a competitive advantage in your career. Many women today wear high heels and tight shoes that deform their feet, with painful consequences in old age. The Baxters are building a swimming pool in their backyard. High power distance cultures are hierarchical cultures where everyone has their place. Cultural Background. Basically, anything that is human made or created is encompassed by culture. In addition to interacting with each other more often, family members have a strong sense of obligation toward each other. These factors influence one's awareness of the world, and whether one will seek improvement or accept things as they are. A multicultural college presents many opportunities for degree-seekers. Europe & Rest of World: +44 203 826 8149 Article 5 Cultural rights as an enabling environment for cultural diversity. All of the following are some of the co- cultures belonging to the same general culture, EXCEPT A. White B. Hispanic C. African-American D. Asian American C. African-American Building peace in the minds of men and women. Masculine cultures are cultures that value achievement, competitiveness, and acquisition of money and other material objects. Tell us what *you* think of our resources and what youd like to see here in 2023. Why is cultural diversity a good thing? Workforce Management, 84(13), 132. Race has to do with a persons grouping based on physical traits (despite the dominant scientific view that race is a social construct and not biologically defined). Culture is different in every society but it is found in every society and encompasses everyone and everything. An ethnic group refers to people who are closely related to each other through characteristics such as culture, language, and religion.3 There are many ethnic groups in the United States, due in large part to its immigrant population; each of these groups contributes to Americas cultural heritage. In the United States, and in other nations with large immigrant populations, there is a wide range of cultural diversity, religious beliefs, customs, and values, reflecting the scattered origins of the people. (February 22, 2023). Culturally determined characteristics include: the language spoken at home; religious observances; customs (including marriage customs that often accompany religious and other beliefs); acceptable gender roles and occupations; dietary practices; intellectual, artistic, and leisure-time pursuits; and other aspects of behavior. universal areas of human interaction; the AF Culture and Language Center developed the model depicted in the image below, which has twelve cultural domains. What is your racial identification? Culture is also integrated, meaning that it is a system through which we pattern our lives and it's deeply engrained in society. Workforce, 80(9), 19. For example: A forest community with 20 20 Organizational Dynamics, 33, 98109. 2. Reaffirmingthat culture should be regarded as the set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of society or a social group, and that it encompasses, in addition to art and literature, lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs. The average Purdue Global military student is awarded 54% of the credits needed for an associate's and 45% of the credits needed for a bachelor's. In societies where women are able to make decisions for themselves, especially about their education and their reproductive choices, have longer life expectancy, lower fertility rates, and better overall health. Retrieved January 29, 2009, from http://www.nvtc.gov/lotw/months/november/USschoollanguages.htm. 17 chapters | Apply Now >, Current Students (1994). In some strict Islamic societies where girls and women are segregated and allowed to appear in public only if totally covered from head to toe, deprivation of sunlight can impair the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D, causing a deficiency of this vitamin and putting the women at risk for rickets or osteomalacia. https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/cultural-factors, "Cultural Factors 1.2 Understanding Organizational Behavior, 1.4 Understanding How OB Research Is Done, 1.6 Maintaining Core Values: The Case of Nau, 2.1 Doing Good as a Core Business Strategy: The Case of Goodwill Industries, 2.4 The Role of Ethics and National Culture, 2.5 Managing Diversity for Success: The Case of IBM, 3.1 Advice for Hiring Successful Employees: The Case of Guy Kawasaki, 3.2 The Interactionist Perspective: The Role of Fit, 3.3 Individual Differences: Values and Personality, 3.5 The Role of Ethics and National Culture, 3.6 Using Science to Match Candidates to Jobs: The Case of Kronos, 4.4 The Role of Ethics and National Culture, 4.5 Rebounding from Defeat: The Case of Jeffrey Katzenberg, 5.1 A Motivating Place to Work: The Case of Zappos, 5.4 The Role of Ethics and National Culture, 5.5 Motivation in Action: The Case of Trader Joes, 6.1 Motivating Steel Workers Works: The Case of Nucor, 6.2 Motivating Employees Through Job Design, 6.3 Motivating Employees Through Goal Setting, 6.4 Motivating Employees Through Performance Appraisals, 6.5 Motivating Employees Through Performance Incentives, 6.6 The Role of Ethics and National Culture, 6.7 Motivation Key for Success: The Case of Xerox, 7.1 Facing Foreclosure: The Case of Camden Property Trust, 7.6 The Role of Ethics and National Culture, 7.7 Getting Emotional: The Case of American Express, 8.1 Youve Got Mailand Youre Fired! Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heineman. Maybe you have noticed that in many parts of the United States people routinely greet strangers with a smile when they step into an elevator or see them on the street, but the same behavior of saying hello and smiling at strangers would be considered odd in many parts of Europe. In the following sentences, underline the main verb once and the helping verb or verbs twice. She has instructor experience at Northeastern University and New Mexico State University, teaching courses on Sociology, Anthropology, Social Research Methods, Social Inequality, and Statistics for Social Research. Imagine that you will be sent to live in a foreign country different from your own in a month. multicultural education supports and extends all of teh following EXCEPT: social justice, racism, equality, diversity. Address the myths, stereotypes, and cultural differences that interfere with the full contribution of members. In a workplace, diversity means that the workforce is made up of employees with different races, gender identities, career backgrounds, skills and so on. But, as gender is increasingly redefined, the term gender diversity may be more appropriate, since there are multiple variations in gender and sexual orientation. Multimethod probes on individualism and collectivism. 4. Indissociable from a democratic framework, cultural pluralism is conducive to cultural exchange and to the flourishing of creative capacities that sustain public life. While familiarizing employees about culture, emphasizing the importance of interpersonal skills regardless of cultural background will be important. It has a land area of about 2,150,000 km2 (830,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest country in Asia, the second-largest in the Arab world, and the largest in Western Asia. Freedom of expression, media pluralism, multilingualism, equal access to art and to scientific and technological knowledge, including in digital form, and the possibility for all cultures to have access to the means of expression and dissemination are the guarantees of culturaldiversity. The combination of limited education, migratory labor that separates men from their wives and families, and the breakdown of traditional family networks creates a context in which men may seek multiple sexual partners. 2. (2001). Biological magnification is the accumulation and increase in concentration of a toxic chemical, at successive trophic levels. Based on the standard diversity definition, the types of diversity in a social context are theoretically infinite: they encompass every characteristic that appears with variations among a group of people (such as hair or eye color). For example, GlobeSmart by Aperian Global is an online tool that helps employees learn how to deal with people from around the world. Emily Cummins received a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and French Literature and an M.A. Consideringthat the process of globalization, facilitated by the rapid development of new information and communication technologies, though representing a challenge for cultural diversity, creates the conditions for renewed dialogue among cultures and civilizations. So just what does culture encompass? 10. This is important because it can make us feel like our experience in our world has meaning that we can share with one another. 5. In contrast, cultures such as Iran and Russia are lower in uncertainty avoidance, and companies in these regions do not have rule-oriented cultures. Proper management of workforce diversity involves all of the following EXCEPT: Select one: a. Many studies have shown that immigrants have higher rates of mental illness, probably due to the tremendous stresses of living in a new cultural environment. Many of these messages, such as encouraging the use of mood-altering substances and sexual promiscuity, are potentially harmful to health. Encouraging "digital literacy"and ensuring greater mastery of the new information and communication technologies, which should be seen both as educational disciplines and as pedagogical tools capable of enhancing the effectiveness of educational services. Cultural diversity is the quality of diverse or different cultures, as opposed to monoculture, the global monoculture, or a homogenization of cultures, akin to cultural evolution. Ability C. Intelligence D. Sexual orientation B. Article 4 Human rights as guarantees of cultural diversity. Try to understand all its dimensions and seek the commitment of those involved to nurture cultural diversity. Examples of races are Caucasian, African, Latino and Asian. For example, in masculine cultures, the ratio of CEO pay to other management-level employees tends to be higher, indicating that these cultures are more likely to reward CEOs with higher levels of pay as opposed to other types of rewards (Tosi & Greckhamer, 2004). 140 lessons Sex and gender can be used in the traditional sense of male and female employees. racism. d. Apart from protected characteristics, there are other important types of diversity, too, like: These are characteristics that are more intangible than protected characteristics, but its equally useful to take them into account inside the business context. Which of the following is NOT true in regards to criteria for selecting your topic? This chapter addresses theories of difference, diversity, and intersectionality, and what they bring to understandings of diversity management. Anthropology in Public Health. First, she should conduct the ______. Hui, H. C., & Triandis, H. C. (1986). Americas: +1 857 990 9675 The characteristics corresponding to these forms of diversity are protected by law in many countries: these protected characteristics are attributes that companies shouldnt take into account when making employment decisions (especially adverse decisions, like terminating employees or rejecting job candidates). ______ is the recognition and valuing of difference. For example, you may sometimes hear the term gender balance used by companies trying to achieve a 50-50 balance between employees who identify as male and employees who identify as female. (2007, March 1). - Criteria, Symptoms & Treatment, Atypical Antipsychotics: Effects & Mechanism of Action, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. The position of a culture on these dimensions affects the suitable type of management style, reward systems, employee selection, and ways of motivating employees. It might seem like we're posing an obvious question here, but anthropologists and other social scientists have spent a lot of time thinking about this question. Culture includes everyone in a society and is not simply individual tastes or preferences. Of course, talking about national cultures does not mean that national cultures are uniform. Such values may sometimes be over-ridden by short-term priorities such as job security or financial gain. Frauenheim, E. (2005). Chapter 2: Managing Demographic and Cultural Diversity, Chapter 3: Understanding People at Work: Individual Differences and Perception, Chapter 4: Individual Attitudes and Behaviors, Chapter 6: Designing a Motivating Work Environment, Chapter 12: Leading People Within Organizations, Chapter 14: Organizational Structure and Change, http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_dimensions.php, http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/sep2008/tc2008095_508754.htm, http://www.nvtc.gov/lotw/months/november/USschoollanguages.htm, Next: 2.4 The Role of Ethics and National Culture, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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