For students who started college in fall 2017 at four-year public institutions, the persistence rate was 82.7 percent, down 0.3 percentage points from the prior year, and up 0.4 percentage points in comparison to the fall 2009 cohort. The analysis results demonstrate that the reduction for cover papers is far lower than that for non-cover papers, showing that cover papers have a positive effect on improving attention. It is still a very new metric and further debate will probably establish the degree of its usefulness, although it has been suggested that the SNIP methodology does not account for differences in citation between fields (Leydesdorff and Opthof, 2010). However, it is worth noting that China ranks fifteenth (15.99), the United States of America tenth (27.04), and Italy thirteenth (20.47) in terms of average citations per document. 9. Black students had the lowest persistence rate (55.3 percent), with 42 percent returning to the starting institution and 13.3 percent continued enrollment at a different institution in fall 2018. Refer to the last page of this report for additional definitions and notes on cohort selection. Among students who for the first time entered college in fall 2017, Asians had the highest persistence rate (84.7 percent), with 72.7 percent returning to the starting institution and 12 percent returning to an institution other than the starting institution in fall 2018. The persistence rates for the top five popular majors in undergraduate certificate programs were below 60 percent, except for Liberal Arts, Humanities, and General Studies majors. The persistence rate was 55.7 percent for those who entered college on a full-time basis, compared to 43.7 percent for those who entered college on a part-time basis. higher education institution in the fall terms of a students first and second year. Ludo Waltman, in Journal of Informetrics, 2016. Of the 12,152 publications identified, 5,044 publications met the inclusion criteria. Beginning with the 2017 edition, international students are included in the entering cohort and previous results for all entering cohort years have been restated to reflect this. ESI is a compilation of science performance statistics and science trends data using data from Clarivate Analytics Web of Science. Select one or more of the authors on the search results page by checking the box next to the name then click the View citation overview link at the top of the list to see a Citation Overview report. Students aged 20 or younger had a persistence rate of 76.9 percent, down 2.1 percentage points from the fall 2009 entering cohort. Nonprofit research institutions garnered the greatest number of citations on average (6.44 based on first author, SD 8.83, n= 214; 6.62 based on corresponding author, SD 9.65, n= 208; P < .001), while university/university-affiliated hospitals produced the majority of published articles (77.0% based on first author, 76.8% based on corresponding author), but had lower average citation rates (4.48 based on first author, SD 6.67, n= 3,886; 4.44 based on corresponding author, SD 6.55, n= 3,873; P < .001). Larger programmes also tended to obtain higher rankings. Full ICMJE author disclosure forms are available for this article online, as supplementary material. The persistence rate is measured by the percentage of students who return to college at any institution for their second year, while the retention rate is the percentage of students who return to the same institution. Among students who for the first time entered college in fall 2017, Asians had the highest persistence rate (84.7 percent), with 72.7 percent returning to the starting institution and 12 percent returning to an institution other than the starting institution in fall 2018. Italy was on the third position with 77 articles (7.16%) followed by Spain with 49 articles (4.55%). The United States, Italy, the United Kingdom, Canada, Spain, Germany, Ireland, New Zealand, France, Sweden, Columbia, the Netherlands, Japan, Thailand, South Korea, Taiwan, Indonesia, Romania, Singapore, and Hong Kong have all published research documents with China. Judit Bar-Ilan, in Journal of Informetrics, 2008. van Raan and van Leeuwen (2002) report on a study of an interdisciplinary research institute concerned both with basic and applied research. The overall first-year persistence rate has improved slightly, with a 2.2 percentage point gain between 2009 and 2017. Refer to the last page of this report for additional definitions and notes on cohort selection. Note: Institutions submit enrollment data by program levels and by major fields, which cover 97 percent of the fall 2017 entering cohort students reported by the IPEDS. Persistence and Retention by Age at College Entry. For students who started college in four-year private for-profit institutions, the persistence rate was 47.2 percent, down 5.7 percentage points from the prior year cohort, and down 3 percentage points in comparison to the fall 2010 cohort. Its main focus has been on publication, but there are other measures of scientific activity, including patents and plant varietal rights. Four-Year Private For-Profit Institutions, 2010-2017, Figure 11. The table shows that Norwegian publications rank first in the world on average, but the total publications rank 14th in the world (the total number of publications is only 8). Elsevier Scopus provides traditional citation counts, the Field Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and benchmarking. Major fields shown are: Engineering (CIP code 14), Biological/Biomedical Sciences (26), Liberal Arts (24), Health (51), and Business (52). 3. Zitt, Ramanana-Rahary, and Bassecoulard (2005), Adams, Gurney, and Jackson (2008), Glnzel, Thijs, Schubert, and Debackere (2009), and Colliander and Ahlgren (2011) study the sensitivity of normalized indicators to the aggregation level at which fields are defined. Degree/Certificate-Seeking StatusBeginning with the fall 2015 entering cohort, retention and persistence rates are reported for non-degree, non-certificate-seeking students in a separate category. All of the studies discussed above were concerned with demonstrating a difference between average citation counts to articles that were made available online and those that were not. Non-degree, non-certificate-seeking students were included in the full-time and part-time categories but beginning with the 2015 entering cohort, they are reported in a separate category. Income: Figure 1. The following sample from a Percentiles The term percentile designates a citation threshold at or above that at which a fixed fraction of the papers fall. Table 5. A comparison calculating the citations per year for the 30 top papers and for a random selection of 30 papers from each quartile revealed the following results: 22.3 (top 30, range 10.5 to 44), 3.1 (1st quartile, range 1.4 to 17.4), 1.5 (2nd quartile, range 0.6 to 4.5), 0.6 (3rd quartile, range 0.1 to 1.5) and 0 for the last quartile. Higher Education EnrollmentMany postsecondary institutions that are degree-granting and participating in Title IV voluntarily report their enrollments to National Student Clearinghouse. Researchers have proposed various improvements of and alternatives to the use of the WoS journal subject categories for normalizing citation impact indicators. In the top five popular major fields, the persistence rates ranged between 57.3 percent and 66 percent. An additional method for examining students first-year persistence in degree-granting institutions is based on the major fields and the programs a student first entered. Web of Science provides evidence of collaboration with other scientists and institutions, publication productivity, cited-by works, the h-index and also includes tools for creating citation maps. It follows that 90% of Microbiology papers published in 2011 received fewer than 14 citations. Citations per paper investigations have normally used statistical regression to assess whether gender helps to explain citation rates, taking a range of other variables ESI provides Field Baseline tables based on specific research fields for citation analysis: Citation Rates and Percentiles. The idea of comparing publications with other similar publications selected based on shared references (i.e., bibliographic coupling) is also discussed by Schubert and Braun (1993, 1996). Calculating Field Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI). Those citations are from articles published between 2008 and the present. Neither of these are without flaw, bias or politics. . Of all students who started college in this sector in fall 2017, 74.1 percent returned to the same institution in fall 2018. Third, the average annual growth of the Altmetric score, Twitter, and news was rapid, unlike that of Facebook, Google+, and blogs. Publications are cited at different rates, depending on their institution of origin. In 2015, the lowest average Altmetric score of cover papers was 238.52, which was 94.22 higher than the highest average Altmetric score of 144.30 for non-cover papers. Persistence and Retention by Race and Ethnicity: Starting at Two-Year Public Institutions. For example, if there are in total three books in a given field, and each one has 6, 10, 16 subitems and 18, 20, 16 aggregated citations, respectively, the MCRwhole of these books in the field is 18 (the mean of 18, 20, and 16) and their MCRsub is Among students who entered college at two-year public institutions in fall 2017, white students had a higher first-year persistence rate (67.1 percent) than Hispanic students (62.1 percent). For example, if the value of the 1.00% percentile is 15, a paper in the same research field in the same year must receive at least 15 citations to belong to that percentile. Second, the average citation fluctuation of cover papers was higher than that of non-cover papers, reaching a maximum value of 653.62 in 2008. For students who started college in fall 2017 at four-year public institutions, the persistence rate was 82.7 percent, down 0.3 percentage points from the prior year, and up 0.4 percentage points in comparison to the fall 2009 cohort. Another baseline measure is the all-years citation rate, which is the citation rate for a 10-year period. Additionally, articles less than 2 years old with less than 5 citations will not have an RCR (e.g., an article published in 2021 will not receive an RCR in 2022 unless it has 5 or more citations). A citation is a reference to a specific work cited in another work. White students had the highest share continuing college in fall 2018 at an institution other than the starting institution (15.1 percent).

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