They have no iron, nor steel, nor weapons, nor are they fit for them, because although they are well-made men of commanding stature, they appear extraordinarily timid. Its hills and mountains, fine plains and open country, are rich and fertile for planting and for pasturage, and for building towns and villages. There was plenty of room to spread out, interesting cultures and landscapes to explore, natives to Christianize, and even better, economic opportunities galore, including new sources of gold and silver. Henry the navigator was a mapmaker and helped build ships. The motives for Spanish exploration was to find Northwest Passage, which they believed was a direct and efficient route to the Orient home of spices, silks and wealth. She has taught college English and religious education classes and currently works as a freelance writer. The Carrack or Nao (meaning ship) was developed as a fusion between Mediterranean and Northern European-style ships. The Spanish were also the first in the New World. Key Explorers The key figure in early Portuguese exploration was Prince Henry, the son of King John I. Nicknamed "the Navigator," Henry was not an explorer himself. Finally, they also desired to build an empire and spread Catholicism. He understood why the exploration and hunt of the surrounding was done by the Domain . Lutheranism History, Facts & Beliefs | What is Lutheranism? . The history of Spanish exploration begins with the history of Spain itself. In the 1480s, Pope Sixtus IV had granted Portugal the right to all land south of the Cape Verde islands, leading the Portuguese king to claim that the lands discovered by Columbus belonged to Portugal, not Spain. Like Corts, Pizarro had to combat not only the natives of the new worlds he was conquering, but also competitors from his own country; a Spanish rival assassinated him in 1541. What does it reveal about the state of geographical knowledge, as well as European perceptions of the New World, at the beginning of the sixteenth century? The most famous of these Spanish adventurers are Christopher Columbus (who, though Italian himself, explored on behalf of the Spanish monarchs), Hernn Corts, and Francisco Pizarro. When the Spanish captured Granada in 1492, it allowed the Catholic monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, to listen to the arguments of the Genoese sea captain, Christopher Columbus, and his claims that he could find a shorter route to the Far East. How Did the Spanish Treat the Native Americans? - Reference.com - What European exploration | Definition, Facts, Maps, Images - Britannica The Hapsburg dynasty, which ruled a collection of territories including Austria, the Netherlands, Naples, Sicily, and Spain, encouraged and financed the work of painters, sculptors, musicians, architects, and writers, resulting in a blooming of Spanish Renaissance culture. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. What Were the Lasting Effects of Spanish Conquest in Latin - Reference The Portuguese took firm control of trade with the Far East. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? This material (including graphics) can freely be used for educational purposes such as classroom presentations in universities and colleges. This sixteenth-century map shows the island of Hispaniola (present-day Haiti and Dominican Republic). 5 What was Portugals role in the age of discovery? Often I have sent two or three men ashore to some town to converse with them, and the natives came out in great numbers, and as soon as they saw our men arrive, fled without a moments delay although I protected them from all injury. They started in the Caribbean with a settlement at Santo Domingo on Hispaniola in 1496 and moved on to other islands. Since the Aztec people had never been exposed to the disease, thousands died as it spread throughout Mexico. During the fifteenth century, Spain hoped to gain advantage over its rival, Portugal. Portugal & the Age of Exploration - World History Encyclopedia The Portuguese Role in Exploring and Mapping the New World What does this letter show us about Spanish objectives in the New World? The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella promoted the acquisition of these new lands in order to strengthen and glorify their own empire. Hernn Corts hoped to gain hereditary privilege for his family, tribute payments and labor from natives, and an annual pension for his service to the crown. Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? An exchange of ideas, fueled and financed in part by New World commodities, began to connect European nations and, in turn, to touch the parts of the world that Europeans conquered. The Spanish started the trade of potatoes, pineapples, turkey, dahlias, sunflowers, magnolia, maize, chillies and chocolate across the Atlantic. Back to Table of Contents. In this context, the Portuguese and the Spanish became the first countries to explore the Atlantic consistently, finding routes around Africa to the East and new continents untouched by European expansion. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. Columbus' reports about the many people already living in the New World prompted Queen Isabel to consider them under her protection as members of the Spanish Empire, promising to bring them to the Catholic faith and wanting them to be fairly treated. He spent most of his life in the Americas advocating for the natives. What are the most important factors behind the success of Portuguese and Spanish overseas exploration and colonization? The Europeans enslaved the Native Americans and took most of them back to Europe. Causes and Effects of Spanish Exploration and Colonization Spain played a critical part in the exploration and colonization of the Americas. People were curious, interested, and eager for fresh experiences and observations. At the height of the middle ages, the Mongol Empire had kept open borders throughout Asia and into Europe along the Silk Road, allowing spices and other luxury goods to flow freely from the Far East. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. Assessing the Success of Portuguese and Spanish Exploration and Amy has MA degrees in History, English, and Theology. Moreover, it would be incorrect to attribute purely mercenary or religious goals to the conquest. Spanish . Portuguese spice trading also made goods available to the rest of Europe on a larger scale and enriched Portugal herself. Ottoman Turks controlled much of the land routes to the East, and they initially charged exorbitant taxes for traders to get through. Thousands of Spaniards flocked to the Americas seeking wealth and status. Columbus also discovered tobacco seeds and brought the seeds back to Europe. Unlike Columbus, he realized that the Americas were not part of Asia but lands unknown to Europeans. Treaty of Tordesillas | Overview & Significance | Study.com The Spanish followed suit, beginning with Christopher Columbus, before moving beyond mere trade and focusing on empire building. Malintzin translated for Corts in his dealings with Moctezuma and, whether willingly or under pressure, entered into a physical relationship with him. He presided as governor over the province of Nueva Galicia, where he heard rumors of wealth to the north: a golden city called Quivira. Europeans gained new materials like gold, silver, and jewels. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? Spain brought the ecomienda system to the New World to build plantations for mining and farming, a system that categorically abused the Amerindian labor force without fair trades for their gold. Spains acquisitiveness seemingly knew no bounds as groups of its explorers searched for the next trove of instant riches. All those he petitionedincluding Ferdinand and Isabella at firstrebuffed him; their nautical experts all concurred that Columbuss estimates of the width of the Atlantic Ocean were far too low. Those who survived were strongly influenced by Spanish language, religion, art and architecture. While they are filled with distortions and fabrications, probanzas de mritos are still useful in illustrating the expectation of wealth among the explorers as well as their view that native peoples would not pose a serious obstacle to colonization. Beyond the splendor of the architecture of the missions, what we see today is the cumulative effect of a historic process Spain triggered with its efforts to govern and Christianize the New World, thereby culturally changing the land and people forever. The Spaniards were not far behind the Portuguese in their exploration and empire building. Spaniards captained the other three ships (San Antonio, Concepcin, and Victoria), and constant Spanish scheming against the Portuguese would have grave consequences for the voyage. Spains most famous explorer, Christopher Columbus, was actually from Genoa, Italy. Portuguese explorers were able to discover and conquer new worlds. 4.2C: The Economic Causes and Effects of European Maritime Exploration He also started a school The Spanish also brought the disease smallpox. Spices, fabrics, and other luxuries flowed into Portugal and out to other European countries, and the Portuguese treasury swelled. The process where the Spanish and Portuguese Christians reclaim the Iberian Peninsula is called the Reconquista. Columbus held erroneous views that shaped his thinking about what he would encounter as he sailed west. Most trades for Western Europe required overland travel, which only grew more difficult with Ottoman conquests in the East. The system also allowed them to protect their imports as they traveled back to Portugal. Spain. They also found a sea route to India. Francisco Pizarro subdued the Incas of Peru in 1533. This exchange benefitted Europeans more than Native Americans because Europeans spread smallpox , a deadly disease, to Native Americans when they came into contact with them. In time, much of the Atlantic World would become a gargantuan sugar-plantation complex in which Africans labored to produce the highly profitable commodity for European consumers. Carrack or Nao - Ages of Exploration - Mariners' Museum and Park Using the explorers first name as a label for the new landmass, Waldseemuller attached America to his map of the New World in 1507, and the name stuck. Cortes formally claimed Mexican land for the Spanish crown in 1519. 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